Dustin Edwards

Orf-I and Orf-II-Encoded Proteins in HTLV-1 Infection and Persistence

Dustin Edwards, Claudio Fenizia, Heather Gold, Maria Fernanda de Castro-Amarante, Cody Buchmann, Cynthia A. Pise-Masison, Genoveffa Franchini

2011publishedVirusesvolume 3, issue 6, pages 861-88510.3390/v3060861doiopen accesslicense

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Cited by 56 OpenAlex, read 2026-10-01

Review of the HTLV-1 orf-I and orf-II proteins p12, p8, p13 and p30.

Abstract

The 3' end of the human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type-1 (HTLV-1) genome contains four overlapping open reading frames (ORF) that encode regulatory proteins. Here, we review current knowledge of HTLV-1 orf-I and orf-II protein products. Singly spliced mRNA from orf-I encodes p12, which can be proteolytically cleaved to generate p8, while differential splicing of mRNA from orf-II results in production of p13 and p30. These proteins have been demonstrated to modulate transcription, apoptosis, host cell activation and proliferation, virus infectivity and transmission, and host immune responses. Though these proteins are not essential for virus replication in vitro, p8, p12, p13, and p30 have an important role in the establishment and maintenance of HTLV-1 infection in vivo.

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Human and simian retroviruses